Yes. See effect handlers for an example, which are making rounds around the programming world as of late. They are equivalent to the Lisp condition system, except formalized to work in strongly statically typed programming environments.

> I'm somewhat disheartening because it implies that learning Lisp might be redundant given that contemporary languages have already incorporated its best aspects.

Sort of, lots of things have thankfully trickled from Lisps to other languages (including whole languages like Julia). The pleasant feeling of conversing with the language and programming bit by bit in it is hard to replicate with things like LSPs, though, since the implementation is always running in the background and programming in it is based on mutating it until it contains the program you seek.