It's a bit of a trek to get there, but here's how to work around SSO...
1. Go to the Microsoft/Google developer console with your work account and create an "internal app" for personal use
2. Generate a set of oauth2 creds under the app
3. Use a program like mbsync or offlineimap to sync your mail down to a maildir. Iirc mbsync was more reliable but required a shim script to convert oauth2 creds to an api token.
4. Point your email client to the mail-dir.
I had this set up when I used gmail at work, but AIUI outlook should work roughly the same.
There's a ton of blog posts out there of people setting this up, unfortunately too many variations to have "one true" guide, so sorta have to pull from several places.