Does this provide there any benefit at all to the majority of machines which aren't intended to be used for development of binaries (i.e. user workstations, developers working with interpreted languages, and servers), what would be the use cases where frame pointers would help on those machines?

Like, even for developers, I assume a random web development shop using Ubuntu and hosting stuff on Ubuntu would likely not ever attempt debugging a binary executable, and likely don't have any employees who could do it if they wanted. Of course there are companies who can and do debugging and profiling of binaries running on their servers, but IMHO those who are capable and willing to do that a relatively small minority of users of Ubuntu systems.