The model for network delivery has changed. Networks like Rogers in Canada, Optus in Australia, and dish in the USA outsource the core knowledge needed to recover their network to vendors like Nokia and Cisco.

The employees locally lack the knowledge and the access to restore the network without guidance from external vendors outside the country. From an operating cost perspective, this is the right choice, but for reliability and sovereignty it's terrible.

Sadly, with RCS, 5G Standalone and other new technologies that require operating servers with leading edge software, operators repeatedly choose to outsource the entire stack to an external vendor like Nokia rather than replicate that knowledge locally.