The issue is that the definition of `fd_set` has a constant size [1]. If you allocate the memory yourself, the select() system call will work with as many file descriptors as you care to pass to it. You can see that both glibc [2] and the kernel [3] support arbitrarily large arrays (well, in the kernel case you'll run into other limitations... but no memory corruption).
[1] https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/misc/sys/select....
[2] https://github.com/bminor/glibc/blob/master/sysdeps/unix/sys...
[3] https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/lin...