As an example, if you were to ask me what the typical web development stack is for a Microsoft shop I would say:
Framework: ASP.Net MVC
Language: C#
Web Server: IIS 7.5
Data Layer: Entity Framework, NHibernate or straight ADO.Net.
Database: SQL 2008 Standard
OS: Windows Server 2008 Web (for IIS), Windows Server 2008 Standard (for stand-alone SQL), Windows Server 2008 Enterprise (for clustered SQL)
Training: Pluralsight has just about everything I need from beginner to advanced to train staff. Alternatively, highest rated books on Amazon using the above keywords also works out really well.
Technical Reference: MSDN is the go to technical reference for all of the above products once initial training is complete.
So, what is your development stack? What resources would you give your staff for training? If you were a Microsoft guy, where could you go for training on your stack?