JavaScript, Python, and Ruby are all counter-examples. Erlang and Haskell might as well.
I don't think time plays such an important factor. A language may exist for 20 years and then a large corporation or an all encompassing framework draws attention to it, leading to unforeseen growth.
> In other words, if you're not at 5% market share by age 10, chances are low you'll ever reach 10%.
This won't happen for 99% of programming languages and it shouldn't be a goal or even a comparison point. For example, on GitHub language stats [1], only three languages have more than 10% activity, only 7 within 5% activity. Pick other rankings, market share related or not, and you will find similar numbers. Tiobe lists SQL, Go, and PHP all below 2% and I don't think anyone could argue they failed at market success.
> So getting to 1% and generating hype is not as hard as showing stable and growth and getting a large community that sticks with you for over a decade.
Given all of the above, I strongly disagree. Getting to 1% is incredibly hard.