"What would a native speaker of [target language]
say if they found themselves in the same situation?".
It gets even trickier if you are translating fiction. If you are translating, say, Japanese anime/manga with a Japanese setting for an English-speaking audience you don't necessarily want the characters to sound like Americans or Brits or Canadians or what have you.So you may have to use language that Americans understand, but still make them sound Japanese. Somehow.