One thing I could imagine is that Linux is giving preference to using the values in the DisplayID block as it's the newer standard, and since EDID/DisplayID compliance has improved over time the logic may be "the newer one is more likely to be correct". In the meantime perhaps Win/Mac continue to look at the classic EDID data, and if they do, it likely gets less test coverage from manufacturers.
Pure speculation.
Edit: From https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/design/co...
> Windows does not support DisplayID 1.x blocks, and always ignores them.
No explanation is given.
The LG display sends a DisplayID 1.2 block.