I'm sorry but you just lost me completely. If you're not taking a laptop with you, what's the fucking point of having a laptop?
But if you're not happy with that scenario - I don't know maybe your work will be drastically affected if you have two different but identical VMs - tb3/4 external ssds are perfect for storing VMs on, so that you can move between machines at the drop of a hat. I've been doing this for about 5 years as a safety valve to my desktop having a fault: I can just unplug the drive and plug it into the laptop or a new machine and the VMs are all there exactly as I left them.
the VM on an external SSD is a better solution, but then it's still something you have to carry with you even though it's more compact than a laptop...
Devbox will give you the same project environment (packages, env-vars) on your work and home laptop. It leverages nix, and uses your native file-system avoiding the overhead and complexity of using Docker.