1) Write a physical check (2-10 days from deposit, usually 2)
2) Use ACH (a virtual check) (2-10 days, usually 2)
3) Fedwire which costs $10-$15 to both the sender and receiver (15 minutes).
There are some banks that give free Fedwire transfers, often just to higher account tiers. Fidelity Investments gives free Fedwire to everyone, though.