No, US bank to bank transfers/payments are quite slow, and not commonly used for small transactions. But there are a couple substitutes that are used:
* Zelle is basically better bank transfers and is already supported by many (most?) US banks: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelle_(payment_service)
* Random 'third party' money transfer services like Venmo, Cashapp, Paypal, etc.
But similar to messaging in the US, the main issue is fragmentation. There's isn't quite a national consensus like some other countries have.