Neither Racket, nor any Scheme implementation calls (define define) a syntax error in general. It is only an error when define is defined to define, as it is in the base environment. If you have an environment where define does not define, (define define) may work.

Welcome to Racket v8.9 [bc].

> (define (define x) (display "Look ma, no error!\n"))

> (define define)

Look ma, no error!