macOS is a better comparison to Windows than iOS is, since iOS is just for iPhones and not desktops. macOS will show you the stack trace of a crashed app in a dialog. This allows more technical people a chance look into the reason for the crash. Users have the option to share the stack trace with Apple.
I can't speak for the latest version, but previously versions did. If the program had debug symbols in it, it would show you pretty useful info and would even let you debug it! The debug feature rarely worked though
