NB I haven't read it and have no plans to - but I suspect that is the reference.
Ayn Rand's ideas were simplistic and appeals to people who want to believe that they are better, smarter, and worthy of admiration. A lot of her stuff does make sense in a limited way. But there are other philosophies that are much more complete and aren't so narcissistic.
I guess the answer to "What happens when Atlas shrugs?" is, he already did and no one noticed.
Is there actual evidence for this over the long term? I have seen a lot of articles on this, but while they are full of anecdotes of supposed system breakdown, many of them are clearly not new issues. For example, the 737 Max issues have been mentioned repeatedly, but plane makers hiding defects that later kill is not new.
A ten minute walk in downtown San Francisco will show you plenty of evidence.