Because hospitalization takes a lot of expensive resources. The bill has to go somewhere.
> Keeping your people healthy should just be a given.
For the entirety of human history, up to and including this point, it hasn't been.
> How many hundreds of years will it take before universal healthcare is finally accepted as the basic standard of a humane civilization?
Realistically? When they have AI doctors that can treat the plebs for very little cost.
Until then, we're talking about at least 10-15% of GDP of a rich country, which is a massive amount of money. Even places with "universal healthcare" make tradeoffs (e.g. IIRC, healthcare waiting lists for many things are absurdly long in Canada compared to the US).