The low weapons durability encourages the player to use all the weapons instead of a small set of his favourite weapons. Notice how even though your weapons break all the time, you (almost) never [1] run out of weapons. You can steal weapons from the enemies or pick up whatever is around and use it as a weapon.

Initially, I did not like this mechanism, but I have come to appreciate it. It reduces your comfort, but you experience more of the game.

[1] Fighting a Lynel and "consuming" all your weapons before he even reaches half his health has happened to me a couple of times.