I'm judging the
presence of air pollutants. If I can smell it (ie above the lower detection limit), then I know I'm being exposed.
The converse is not necessarily true of course, but I can do this without hundreds of dollars in sensors. "Do what you can, where you are, with what you've got."
To account for sub-detectable pollution levels, I generally give myself a little extra buffer room. If I observe that detectable pollution odors begin at a certain point, I'll engage recirculate a half-mile before.
Generally nowadays I successfully avoid any detectable pollution/proxy odors, using the sort of preemptive planning I've described. You should try it!
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TL;DR this whole thread: recirculate gives better air quality, just flush CO2 periodically, ideally when in relatively cleaner air
https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-xpm-2013-sep-1...
https://news.ucr.edu/articles/2020/01/13/clearing-air-inside...