there's no way to solve this problem without having some sort of tracking system to determine who's a legitmate user.
> If it were coming from one IP address nobody would be bothered by it, it would be easily solved with rate-limiting rules on the firewall.
DDOS works by sending more traffic than your upstream bandwidth can carry (e.g. you have 100 Gbit link and they send 40 Tbit of UDP packets to you). Firewall won't help here. The protocol I am talking in a comment above would solve the problem by blocking this traffic close to its source.
Not by any stretch of the imagination.
and when some legitimate users really, really look like bot traffic because they circumvent whatever methods we use to determine whether traffic is coming from real people, they might sometimes get blocked along with the bots. they're going to complain about that, and the only thing we can do is listen to their complaints.