I get what you're saying, but it could just be a way for a new employer to say "we have a policy of treating people fairly. We know that some new hires are going to lose out on bonuses depending when they join, so we have a policy of compensating these new hires for this loss".
I wouldn't want to start off with a new employer by negotiating for a bonus buyout and then staying long enough to get my original bonus (and expecting the buyout anyway). I would be interested to know if anyone has done this successfully. If I thought I had the upper hand in negotiations, I'd just ask for more pay, or a signing bonus independent of my foregone bonus.