I want to hear the answer to this, too. I'm back around to Python professionally (haven't touched it since 2016) and I'm working with the basic tooling: pip, requirements.txt, and virtualenv. I'd like to know what sort of issues I'm going to run into and when I can expect them.
They are enough, just need care and sysad knowledge which are in short supply these days. Docker is an end-run around that, but you'll then have to know it as well.