Find a deb packaged for an older version of Debian and see if it runs, there's no guarantee, if the software was closed-source you're basically out of luck, unless people statically link all of glibc, ssl etc into their application which is a big no no.
This is the problem that Flapak, Snap etc try and solve. I won't put AppImage onto that list because it actually doesn't solve the problem it just makes it worse.