RAM fills up quickly and SD storage is just too slow for this kind of usage. Broadcom hardware JPEG compression doesn't seem to work too well either, so you'll quickly end up with more image data than you can handle.
Then, for lots of applications, you'll actually want to use multiple sensors. Even though the RasPi only has a single camera connector, you could use a breakout board to connect 2 or 4 cameras. Problem is: you most likely want these cameras to capture at the exact same time, so you don't end up with frames captured around the same time that still show an in-motion object at wildly different positions. And I don't see any provisions for hardware triggering with these modules.
The Nvidia SOC ecosystem tends to be a slightly better choice for imaging applications (more GPU encoding options and some provisions for camera sync). But most industrial applications stick with GigE camera modules for a reason...
You make it sound like using a RPi limits you to only SD storage which is not accurate.
