To nitpick, simple ABS is an improvement over locking
some of the wheels. It often struggles with preventing a lock of all 4 wheels, because it loses reference for the road speed. A dumb ABS system with just wheel speed sensors can't tell if [0,0,0,0] means all 4 are locked, or if you're stationary.
I don't know as much about the implementation details of modern ESC systems, but I'm guessing this problem is much easier to solve with accelerometer data.