Probably not. But if you owned a warehouse and you left it unlocked without security, and someone steels from it stuff that is owned by somebody else, then maybe you are liable somewhat.

Your front door and the items in your house are not analogous to having sensitive information on a machine connected to the internet.

Fiduciary responsibility [1] is closer to the concept that applies here in my opinion. Companies have a fiduciary responsibility to protect the company and thus the investment in the company for the investors and shareholders.

[1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciary_responsibility