In addition, mere customer satisfaction secondary to the primary job is not enough to establish BFOQ; it's a thin line though as Hooters seems to hide behind BFOQ (thus essentially stating that the primary reason for their serving staff is sex appeal), while flight attendants cannot.

I suppose if you had an airline called "cleavage air" and had all the flight attendants wear low-cut tops, then you might get away with it.

> Race can never be a BFOQ except in the specific case of artistic works, due to the first amendment.

This is technically wrong, in that the First Amendment limitation on title VII is separate from BFOQs, and race can expressly never be a BFOQ. But the effect of the limitation is similar to allowing race to work like a BFOQ in certain circumstances in artistic contexts.

> except in the specific case of artistic works, due to the first amendment.

The first amendment protected the Boy Scouts' right to express their disapproval of gays by not employing them. Is race different from a first amendment perspective?