If the same happened to Jupiter, all of those moons would fly out of of the solar system. (Or at least go cometary.) None of the orbits would survive.
Edit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocity To escape from the suns orbit at Jupiter's distance from the sun takes 18.5 km/s vs Mars orbit's 34.1 km/s, or the Earth's orbit 42.1 km/s.
PS: The moon was the original example of 'moon' so it's a moon by definition. Any definition that does not include it must be describing something other than a 'moon'.
PS, The Earth was the original example of 'flat' and nothing is ever allowed to change as we gain better understanding.
PS: The Earth is not the original definition of flat.
The orbital velocity of Earth is the escape velocity of the solar system, from Earth (42.1 km/s). Fun fact, this means that if we ever wanted to dispose of nuclear waste by dumping it in a star, we'd need much less rocket fuel to hit Alpha Centauri than the Sun.
It'd be interesting to see what happens at Jupiter's orbit, thouh. Does Io always leave? What about Callisto? It seems like there would be a large part of their orbit that would send them off into cometary orbits (or worse) depending on what direction they are going when scotty beams jupiter aboard the enterprise.
the period and orbital velocity are dependent on the mass of the orbited object and the radius of the orbit.
