The interesting thing about DST is that it's not really repeating the hour, if you include the time zone offset in your time stamp.

Here, look. Using the time zone for Norway in this example, with the `date` command on macOS.

First the last second before DST ended in Norway this year.

    TZ=Europe/Oslo date -I seconds -jf %s 1667091599

    2022-10-30T02:59:59+02:00

Then the second after.

    TZ=Europe/Oslo date -I seconds -jf %s 1667091600

    2022-10-30T02:00:00+01:00

So while people say that time went from 02:59:59 to 02:00:00, I see it as time going from 02:59:59+02:00 to 02:00:00+01:00 :)