It's quite error prone, most golang code is if err != nil { return nil, err }
Now of course it's important to read the documentation, but a language with sum types (or exceptions) would have used a separate type to indicate an error condition plus useful information on that error.
Right, but Go doesn't have sum types, and I think it's a mistake to interpret Go's error handling conventions through that lens. It's perfectly fine to return an error together with a meaningful value. At least, I haven't been able to find any official Go docs suggesting otherwise. You might wish that Go had sum types, but that doesn't mean that it's an actual Go coding convention to pretend that (err, X) tuples are sum types.
That only works if a function is returning a pointer though, so I don't think it's right to say "most google code." Any function returning a string or any struct by value that can fail doesn't return nil
