You’re right, they’re not comparable: Apple was going to be scanning for CSAM on your device, without the photos even reaching their servers (by uploading a backup, texting a copy, etc). Google, so far as I can tell and as corroborated by the article, doesn’t do that. Apple and Google both already scan anything uploaded to your Photos account for CSAM and report to authorities.
No,Apple's proposal was for only scanning stuff that was being uploaded to their servers. And only matching hashes with known material, not general "nude child!" detection.
While there's problems with that too, it is a better design than what Google does.
Yeah, Apple was annoying (not even that really, it’s just the idea rather than the actual effect that bothers me), but ultimately fairly benign compared to what Google does.