Yes, it worked well in a lot of levels, but the bulk of the soundtrack was "inspired" by Slayer, Pantera, Metallica, etc. tracks. There are web pages (or were when I last looked it up) that show a level-by-level comparison of the Doom soundtrack and a particular metal track that it basically ripped off.

It probably wouldn't work now. There was a certain zeitgeist in the early 90's where all that stuff went together better than it does now, and you can't turn back time. I just don't remember many FPS games being as fun as Doom and Doom II.