There are a few people who did a complete switch to study rare diseases with no background.
Sonia Vallabh, and her husband, Eric Minikel are the strongest examples of these type of highly smart and ambitious people.
> Sonia Vallabh ... had just graduated from Harvard Law School.
> [Eric Minikel] ... had recently gotten a degree in urban planning from M.I.T
https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/sonia-vallabh
https://www.broadinstitute.org/bios/eric-minikel
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/07/health/rare-diseases.html