This already exists, see [1]. Development has a bit stalled, but afaik the author wants to keep pursuing it. There's even a Discord server for this kind of project, see also this GitHub thread [2] where CS+TS is being discussed in general. Alternatively, you can code in Coffee with JSDoc type annotations, yielding a near-TypeScript experience in both IDE and output, albeit the annotation syntax can be a bit annoying, ironically.
[1] https://github.com/edemaine/coffeescript/blob/typescript/tes...
[2] https://github.com/jashkenas/coffeescript/issues/5307