It seems to me that having a date-type column named `is_frobbed` is highly preferable to `frobbed_at` if your intent is for `IS NOT NULL` to mean frobbed.
Sure, it's a little weird to have boolean-sounding `is_frobbed` name for a date column, but the number of times that `frobbed_at IS [NOT] NULL` appears in the code is likely to dwarf the number of times you're inserting a date type into the `is_frobbed` column. I feel like there's always going to be someone (like me in this case) that's going to come across a `frobbed_at IS NOT NULL` case, notice that it's a date column and make the same flawed assumption I did. A similar thing will happen to the `is_frobbed` column too, but in that case trying to treat the date type as a boolean is going to make it obvious that you're not understanding the full context.
Frankly, if I was naming a column for this idiom and didn't have other constraints (like the Rails context), I would probably try to find a more exact and direct way to express it, if that's a little clunky. Maybe something like `frobbed_when_not_null`? But I don't love that. Honestly it may make more sense to have a actual boolean-valued `is_frobbed` column and an independent `frobbed_at` timestamp column that's populated by a trigger when the value of `is_frobbed` changes. I feel like "clunky but direct" beats out "elegant but misleading" in the long run, especially given the degree of "clunky" and "elegant" we're talking about here.
I don't expect to talk you out of it, and I'd fall in line with this in a Rails context too if that's the convention, but I think it's objectively poor design.
For what it's worth, if the `frobbed_at` convention usually intended to track the timestamp at which the frobbing happened, the good news is that my `AND frobbed_at <= NOW()` check would be unlikely to break anything in practice. Assuming that there's nothing weird going on with the timestamps, the frobbed_at dates will always be in the past anyway.
For what it's worth, I have built and managed systems where "delete/disable this thing in the future" is a valid use case, but I'm wondering whether/how often/how the date aspect of the Rails-style `deleted_at` is actually used. Does anyone ever care when the record was deleted, or is it just extra metadata that is occasionally used in an ad hoc way for debugging or diagnostics. If the typical rails app replaced `deleted_at` with boolean-valued column, would it actually matter?