> Any fraction with a denominator that is a product of prime factors of 10 can be turned into a fraction with a denominator that is a power of 10.
isn’t sufficient. You also have to argue that any fraction with a denominator that is not a product of the prime factors of 10 cannot be written as a finite decimal.
If you do that you end up with a tautology.
A better and more rigid explanation would start with a rational p/q, with p and q relatively prime that can be written as some integer divided by 10^n, and reason from there.