Structure and Interpretation of Classical Mechanics
https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/structure-and-interpretation-...
...with Gerald Sussman as one of the authors. The Feynman Lectures on Physics might be what you are looking for:
How come I never heard of this before?
Personally I like the Theoretical Minimum lectures [0] - they are very clear and concise.
^ The Github repo contains a Clojure version of the Scheme library used by the book.
In the spirit of SICP, I also like Spivak's less conventional Physics for Mathematicians [2], but, as the title suggests, this assumes more, or at least different, mathematical prerequisites than most introductory mechanics texts. "Strong undergraduate maths background — at least one course each in linear algebra and differential equations, say, or equivalent self-study — with a bit of motivated extracurricular work in differential geometry" sounds about right, but here I'm basically just describing my own background when approaching the book, so YMMV.
[1] https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/flptapes.html
[2] https://archive.org/details/physics-for-mathematicians-mecha...
