this doesn't solve the SMS 2FA problem but if you know what you're doing with voip you can set up a DID to answer with a filtering message like "please press 8675 to be connected", and it'll only ring your actual phone if somebody follows the instructions. cuts down on 98% of telemarketing and scams.

then only give out the DID number not your direct phone to things like car dealerships.

i had one car dealership that I took my car to for an oil change one time that persisted in sales calls for six months until I finally escalated the matter to their general manager.