As Burnham says, advance booking is not impractical for many people. And when you book in advance for cheaper tickets, there is limited availability. Daily commuters travelling to work pay some of the most expensive rail tickets in Europe.
I've posted this before: a monthly season ticket comparison from 2017 for UK and Continental Europe. It bears repeating because the price differences between UK and other countries are shocking (and for us in the UK, pretty depressing).
- UK: Luton to London St. Pancras (35 miles) | Monthly season ticket cost: £387 (approx $547/€448)
- UK: Liverpool Lime Street to Manchester Piccadilly (32 miles) | Monthly season ticket cost: £292 (approx $412 /€344)
- Germany: Dusseldorf to Cologne (28 miles) | Monthly season ticket cost: £85 (approx $120 /€98)
- France: Mantes-la-Jolie to Paris (34 miles) | Monthly season ticket cost: £61 (approx $86 /€71)
- Italy: Anzione to Rome (31 miles) | Monthly season ticket cost: £61 (approx $86 /€71)
- Spain: Aranjuez to Madrid (31 miles) | Monthly season ticket cost: £75 (approx $106 /€87)
Source: https://www.tuc.org.uk/news/uk-commuters-spend-6-times-much-...
Regarding France, in the Paris area (like your example) employers are also required to pay for half the cost of a monthly season ticket. So it the ticket costs EUR71 you actually only pay EUR35.50 out of your own pocket, which may be less for the whole month than a day peak-time ticket into London.
The Hague to Amsterdam is approx 40mi/64km. The monthly ticket for 2nd class seating is 325€. If you don’t buy a season ticket, the round trip is 25.6€!!
- direct train vs. flights with layovers
- date and time of your choosing vs. a date and time not of your choosing, some time in the next month(?)
- buy in advance vs. buy on the day