Our process was
1. Remove all JS and CSS from the HTML file
2. Compress the file into a gzip stream
3. Base64 encode the file
4. Send it as a stream of text messages with some metadata on sequence numbers, etc
SMS uses the GSM 03.38 encoding which is a 7 bit encoding. I think we were working on building a custom encoding scheme for it rather than using Base64's 6-bit encoding, but never got around to it.
I think reddit.com (back in 2014 when it wasn't so fancy as it is now) took about 20 text messages to load, so you can imagine it would take less than a minute.