They do a preliminary design. They don't throw up some 2x4s and corrugated aluminum to use as a building in the meantime while doing a real design.
Or they iterate designs and prototype manufactured products.
They do not stamp and accept professional liability for thrown-together designs that bosses want to prematurely push out the door into production.
They tell the boss to budget them what's needed, or go find some other sucker to stamp it.
I'm mixed on the pros and cons of professional licensing, but it does give PE's a great amount of personal authority in refusing to be a part of substandard work. Even to clients and bosses.
