These fines have nothing to do with GDPR. GDPR introduced one stop shopping with EU for data controllers. Google does that in Ireland. GDPR is a regulation, legally binding all over EU. And for others offering services to EU residents, although that's probably unenforcable.
When they get fined in France the basis is a French law. Probably a law to implement an EU directive. The cookies directive (don't remember the official name) is older than and different from GDPR.
