The type system problem is somewhat mitigated by ubiquitous use of pattern matching. In python, the function

  def foo(mymap):
     blah

Has no real information about what my map is. In contrast, a staticly typed language like Java would have

  public static HashMap<String,Integer> foo(HashMap<String,Integer> mymap){
    return mymap
  }

which encourages you to have a lot of classes defining different types of things, which is rigid, but at least makes it clear what exactly the function is expecting. Elixir is somewhere in between, where you'd write

  def foo(%{"username" => username, "password" => password}) do
     {username,password}
  end

which makes it abundantly clear what the function expects ( a map, with keys "username" and "password"), and handily unpacks those values for you, making it feel more immediately useful than "In the future it'll be nice to have more clear code", which helps with adoption.

I worried about this too, but I found that 90% of the places I want "types" are elegantly handled with pattern matching and what other langs would call "function overloading." I also love that you can treat structs like a map, which I feel is the best feature from javascript.

I feel there's more to the dynamic language world that's not clearly explained by the lack of types. I have used both Python and Elixir for production apps, and I get an order of magnitude more type errors with Python than Elixir, for some reason.

IMO it's a disservice to compare Elixir's typing to languages like Python, and we need a new category to distinguish the two.

The fact that there are a lot of standard behaviours (GenServer, Supervisor, Agent, e.t.c) and conventions followed makes this not such a big issue for me. Dialyzer is also a great tool which catches a lot of errors for me.

I agree that Elixir & Phoenix are the natural evolution in a post-Rails world, but looking further ahead, I think we've reached a point where the compiled & typed languages are starting to have all the goodies that used to be reserved only for the highest of the high level languages, and with web assembly support on the rise, it's going to start to become possible to use languages like this for both backend and frontend in a unified way. So for me, the next natural evolution is using something like Rust or Crystal but with very solid Railsy conventions and intelligent code sharing between frontend and backend. I think this combined with something like the Phoenix live view, but in Rust, is at least where I want my future to be, and I think a workflow like this could become the dominant pattern before, say, Elixir/Phoenix overtakes Rails.

I tip my hat though to people diving into Elixir --- it is definitely a cool direction and one I would follow if I weren't already so sold on Rust/Crystal/etc.