You are close. You first rub the berry on your skin (or leaf, or whatever). Wait 24 hours to see if a rash develops. Then you taste it, wait another 24 hours. Then you eat one, and see if you get sick after another 24 hours. Now you can eat several, and build up from there.
Yes, that is a lot of time to go hungry and testing just one item. And then you still don't know what actually gives you nutrition vs just not killing you (for example leaves that you can break down such as leaf lettuce, vs eating grass).