Seems like you are describing freedom from consequences, not the ability to make choices, because that's available now and to the barbarian. I'm not sure which society has no consequences.

Not really that different to today, except that it's a circle of elders and their lead is codified in laws.

But breaking these laws will still get you "banished" aka deported if you are not a citizen, and if you are citizen you will face consequences for your noncompliance, which in some places can still reach all the way up to the death sentence.

So in a way it's still all just barbaric societies, but with extra steps.