The bank contacted me immediately and said they noticed strange behavior on my card and had thus blocked it. They sent me a transcript with the obvious fraudulent charges highlighted, and asked me to identify any additional ones.
When I asked about reimbursement the man sighed and said they might not get everything back, but then quickly corrected himself: they were legally required to reimburse me, it was just the bank that would potentially loose some money. I had everything back in my account within 24 hours.
So I have a question, to people who warn me of the dangers of debit card fraud and preach the advantages of credit: was I just exceptionally lucky with my bank? My bank was just a run-of-the-mill small town local bank, I wouldn't have expected anything extraordinary out of them. But yet their response to fraud was stellar. It's really left me wondering what all the hype is about.