I don't think voltage drop has anything to do with it.
The voltage was high enough to drive the MCU so it's more than enough for the 2V threshold voltage of both sides.
PS/2 is open collector so when idle the signals will settle at VCC regardless of the pull-up value
The "fractionally lower voltage high" can only have been very close to 5V.
Adding stronger pull-ups would have given faster rise times and stronger drive so either the rise time was too slow for the superio or the extra juice helped protect against noise.
The author mentioned current draw but it has nothing to do with it imo