> It's hard to square this hypothesis with the fact that much of the world (Asia, Africa, etc.) lives on carbohydrates such as rice
Not really, though it needs expanded: Calorie surplus + high carb diet leads (via contributing to or exacerbating various metabolic conditions) more and harder to resolve obesity than the same calorie surplus with other macronutrient composition.
> Calorie surplus + high carb diet leads (via contributing to or exacerbating various metabolic conditions) more and harder to resolve obesity than the same calorie surplus with other macronutrient composition.
No it doesn't. High carb diets only make obesity more likely because they make it more likely that you'll have a calorie surplus.