https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article/study-africans-mo...
https://blogs.bcm.edu/2018/07/19/genetic-diversity-in-africa...
there are "Larger Genetic Differences Within Africans Than Between Africans and Eurasians" "and the genetic diversity in Eurasians is largely a subset of that in Africans, supporting the out of Africa model of human evolution"
https://www.genetics.org/content/161/1/269
The highest genetic diversity is actually among people who are small subgroups of "Africans" - Khoisan not Bantu.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms6692
https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24988-humanitys-forgo...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25471224/
So, genetically, just as you can't draw a line around "bony fishes" without also including land animals who are also descendants of bony fishes.
https://www.sciencealert.com/actually-there-is-no-such-thing...
Also, you can't genetically call "Africans" a well-defined sub-group of humans, excluding others.
Passing was (and to a lesser extent remains) crucial in the US and many places where variations in appearance were crucial to racial assumptions. If you look white and you act white then, most of the time to a first approximation you are white. But of course this opportunity is much more open to a relatively pale-skinned person than to a dark-skinned poor person which is a further problem on top of the problem that now people are lying about who they are.