While I suspect you're right that the network path is more likely to error, udp does have a checksum that covers the entire payload so the DNS server would ignore the packet.

Also, the dns client is waiting for an address for the host that it requested. If it asks "where is alice?" and the dns server replies "bob is at x.x.x.x" it won't go there because the names don't match. So the error pretty much has to have happened on the client, but it could be a disk error, dma glitch, bug, malware or maybe a bad proxy/firewall.