A single Nomad process can be the server (scheduler) and client (worker). Nomad can run in single server mode if highly available scheduling is not a concern (workloads will not be interrupted if your server does go down) by setting bootstrap_expect=1 (instead of 3, 5, 7, etc). You can always add more servers later to make a non-HA cluster HA. No need to use different projects to setup different clusters. Clients can be added or removed at any time with no configuration changes (people using Nomad in the cloud generally put servers in 1 ASG and clients in another ASG).
Nomad does not have a first class LoadBalancing concept in keeping with its unopinionated network model, although we may add ingress/loadbalancing someday. Right now most people use Traefik or Nginx with Consul for ingress, and Consul Connect is popular for internal service mesh. Obviously unfortunate extra complexity over having it builtin, but Nomad has been focused more on core scheduling than these ancillary services so far.